David Hume

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Definition
  1. Proper noun:
    • Scottish philosopher: David Hume refers to an 18th-century Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist, known for his influential system of philosophical empiricism, scepticism, and naturalism.
    • Key figure in the Enlightenment: He is a central figure in the history of Western philosophy and the Scottish Enlightenment.
Examples of Usage
  • Proper noun:
    • David Hume is often grouped with John Locke and George Berkeley as a British Empiricist.
    • The philosophical works of David Hume, such as "A Treatise of Human Nature," continue to be widely studied.
    • Many consider David Hume's problem of induction to be a fundamental challenge to scientific reasoning.
Advanced Usage

  • "Humean": Pertaining to or characteristic of the philosophy of David Hume.

    • She adopted a Humean view of causality, arguing that we only perceive constant conjunction, not necessary connection.

  • "Hume's Fork": A philosophical distinction, attributed to Hume, between statements about relations of ideas (analytic, a priori) and matters of fact (synthetic, a posteriori).

    • The argument was dissected using Hume's Fork to determine its type of proposition.
Variants and Related Words
  • Humean (adj): Of or relating to David Hume or his philosophy.
  • Empiricism (n): The theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience, a philosophy strongly associated with Hume.
  • Scepticism/Skepticism (n): An attitude of doubt or a doctrine that true knowledge is uncertain, a hallmark of Hume's thought.
Synonyms
  • The Scottish Philosopher: A common epithet.
  • The Historian Hume: Referring to his significant work as a historian, such as .
Related Phrases
  • "Hume's Law" or the "Is–ought problem": The philosophical idea, articulated by Hume, that one cannot logically derive an "ought" (a prescriptive statement) from an "is" (a descriptive statement).
    • The ethical debate centered on Hume's Law, questioning the leap from factual descriptions to moral prescriptions.
Related Idioms
  • "No instance of a causal connection": A phrase reflecting Hume's sceptical analysis of causality, meaning we never observe causation itself, only sequential events.
    • Following Hume, he argued that we see correlation, but no instance of a causal connection in the observable world.
Noun
  1. Scottish philosopher whose sceptical philosophy restricted human knowledge to that which can be perceived by the senses (1711-1776)

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